[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":22},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-why-bom-prices-differ-across-distributors":3},{"slug":4,"date":5,"read_time":6,"image":7,"cta":8,"zh":10,"en":16},"why-bom-prices-differ-across-distributors","2026-09-16",6,"/og.png?v=8",{"link":9},"https://ai.trio-prc.com/",{"title":11,"tag":12,"excerpt":13,"keywords":14,"content":15},"同一颗料，为什么各家报的价差这么多","BOM 报价","币种、阶梯、库存、料号召回——比价里最容易踩的四个坑，每一个都能让你把一个买不到的价报给客户。","BOM报价,元器件比价,现货库存,料号匹配,采购,阶梯价","\u003Ch2>先把币种统一，再谈谁便宜\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>各家平台报价的币种并不一致：同一颗料，一家给美金，一家给港币。如果直接按数字排序，0.5 港币会被排在 0.5 美金前面，得到一个纯属错觉的\"最便宜\"。做法只有一个：全部按当日汇率折成同一种货币再比，并且把原始币种价和所用汇率一起显示出来——那是\"美金价怎么来的\"的证据。\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>阶梯价：报出去之前先看你买得起哪一档\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>元器件是按数量分档报价的。取\"最低单价\"很省事，但那一档常常对应几千片的起订量；客户要 200 片，照着报就是一个他买不到的数字。正确的顺序是：先找能真正覆盖本行数量的阶梯，整组都不够时才退回最低档，并把起订量写在旁边。\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>库存为 0 的报价没有意义\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>报一个买不到的价比不报更糟：客户照它下单，交期到了交不出货。所以库存为 0 的供应商直接不参与比价；各家都没货就整行不出价，把每家的库存与参考价如实写进备注，再给一句下一步建议（等交期、换封装、找替代型号由客户定）。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>还有一个细节：\u003Cstrong>拿不到库存数字不等于库存是 0\u003C/strong>。按 0 处理会把本来可用的供应商误杀，所以\"未知\"要单独作为一档，排在有货之后、无货之前。\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>平台返回的料号，未必是你问的那一颗\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>按料号搜索时，平台会主动做模糊召回：问 NE555P 返回 NE555PWR，问 LM358N 返回 LM358N/NOPB。它们可能是另一种封装或温度等级；能不能替代，只有设计这块板的人知道。更极端的情况是返回一颗毫不相干的邻居料号。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>所以规则很硬：只报精确同料号（去掉分隔符后完全相等），精确匹配查不到就不出价，相近型号单独列成\"待确认\"，由你决定。\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>这些规则合起来的效果\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>报价单上的行数会变少一些——有些行会诚实地空着，并写明为什么。但留下的每一行都是现在就能下单买到的。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>设计那半边的工作流见另一篇：\u003Ca href=\"/blog/ai-pcb-design-in-altium-and-kicad\">AI 在 Altium 和 KiCad 里画 PCB，到底是怎么动手的\u003C/a>。\u003C/p>",{"title":17,"tag":18,"excerpt":19,"keywords":20,"content":21},"Why the same part gets such different prices from different distributors","BOM Quoting","Currency, price breaks, stock and part-number recall — four traps in component pricing, each able to hand your customer a price they cannot buy at.","BOM quoting,component pricing,distributor stock,part number matching,sourcing,price breaks","\u003Ch2>Normalize the currency before ranking anything\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>Distributors do not quote in the same currency: for one part you may get USD from one and HKD from another. Sort by the raw number and HKD 0.5 lands ahead of USD 0.5 — a cheapest that is purely an artifact of the currency. There is only one fix: convert everything at the current rate before comparing, and show the original price and the rate used next to the result, because that is the evidence for how the USD figure was reached.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Price breaks: check which tier you can actually buy\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>Components are priced in quantity tiers. Taking the lowest unit price is easy, and that tier often starts at several thousand pieces. Quote it to a customer who needs 200 and you have quoted a number they cannot buy. The right order is: find the tier that covers this line quantity, and only fall back to the lowest tier when nobody has enough — with the minimum order quantity stated next to it.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>A price with no stock behind it is worthless\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>Quoting something unbuyable is worse than quoting nothing: the customer orders against it and the delivery date arrives with no goods. So suppliers with zero stock are excluded from comparison. If nobody has stock, the line stays unpriced, with each supplier stock level and reference price recorded in the note plus a suggested next step — wait for the lead time, change the package, or approve an alternative; that call is the customer to make.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>One detail matters here: \u003Cstrong>a missing stock figure is not zero\u003C/strong>. Treating unknown as zero kills off suppliers that were actually usable, so unknown is its own tier: after in stock, before out of stock.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>The part number you get back may not be the one you asked for\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>Search by part number and distributors will happily widen the match: ask for NE555P and get NE555PWR, ask for LM358N and get LM358N/NOPB. Those may be a different package or temperature grade, and only the person who designed the board can approve a substitution. In the worst case the API returns an entirely unrelated neighbouring part.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Hence a hard rule: quote exact part numbers only (equal once separators are stripped). No exact match means no price, and close matches are listed separately as something for you to confirm.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>What these rules add up to\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>Your quote will have a few fewer priced lines — some stay honestly blank, with the reason attached. But every line that remains is one you can order today.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>For the design half of the job, see \u003Ca href=\"/en/blog/ai-pcb-design-in-altium-and-kicad\">how an AI actually draws a PCB inside Altium and KiCad\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>",1789615679540]